Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

Business law - Essay Example In this regard following issues can be framed: In legal sense Contract is defined as â€Å"an agreement enforceable at Law† where as every promise and every set of promises, forming the consideration for each other, is an agreement. And each promise is a combination of an offer by one person and acceptance of that offer by an other person. 2(The Indian Contract Act, 1872) The basic components of this agreement are: In case of deal with Slump Ltd through Mr. Boom offer was made by Mr. Boom to purchase the cars for use on basis of advice rendered by Mr. Smooth; a salesperson employed by Big Deal Ltd. Mr. Smooth accepted the offer by acting in accordance with the offer for price tag which forms the consideration of 20,000/- each. Similar is the case of deal with Ms. Market. Hence, in both case there were legal contracts between the parties on the ground that all the three components i.e. offer, acceptance and lawful consideration were present. A contract of sale of goods is a specific type of contract. I contract maybe a legal one but still not constitute a sale of goods contract. In order to do so a contract should correspond to Sec: 2(1) of the Sale of Goods Act 19793, which provides that, â€Å"A contract whereby the seller transfers or agree to transfer ownership in goods to the buyer in return for a money consideration called the price.† Both the deals under discussion in the current debate qualify to be a contract of sales of goods where ownerships was transferred to buyers for a price tog of 20,000/- and 5,000/- in case of slump Ltd and Mr. Market respectively. Cars purchased were legal consideration in this regard. Certain professions carry certain implied conditions attached to their products and services. However, law describes the implied conditions in general too. Section 14 of Sales of Goods Act, 1971, speaks about these implied conditions. This section defines that goods to be sold shall be of

Student Accounting Essay Example for Free

Student Accounting Essay This paper addresses the way state funds are distributed to schools using ADA or ADM. It also addresses the advantage of using either one of these and equalizing the funds to maximize cost-quality relationships. It also focuses on preparing for changes in local area revenue and expenditures of a school district based on demographic and economic factors. Distributing state dollars to all the schools in the state is one of the most important jobs of the state department of education. There are several different ways in which the state department of education collects data to use in deciding how to allocate state dollars to public schools. The two most common methods that are used are ADA (average daily attendance) and ADM (average daily membership). These methods are sometimes refered to as pupil counting. ADA is the average total of students that are present during a certain time period. ADM is the average total of students that are on a class roll during a certain time period whether present or not. As the person in charge of distributing state dollars to all public schools, I can see how it would be easy to prefer the ADA method. The reason is simple. I would want the money going to the schools that actually have students that are present so the money would not be wasted. This would create a difference of opinion between state officials and school officials because, as an administrator of a school, I would prefer the ADM method. But, we are talking about public schools where every child is entitled to the same education. We cannot assume that a certain number of children will be absent from school a certain time period, therefore, not allocate money for them. This would be highly unfair, not only to these students , but to the schools who are have to educate children under funded. This happens enough as it is without state officials withholding state monies from certain schools. The advantage of using the ADA over the ADM is that you would get a more accurate number of students that are actually at school most of the time during the school year. Teachers would prefer the ADM method because they want the most money possible for their students. The problem with ADA is that the numbers don’t always paint a clear picture. In 1989 at a school in Alabama, a meningitis epidemic broke out. The CDC were called in and numerous students were in the hospital for over two weeks and from school up to a month. If the state was using the ADA method during this time period of the year, this particular school would not have anywhere close to accurate numbers. Whereas if the state was using the ADM method, the circumstances that caused the absences would not matter because these students were on the role of their teachers classes. The cost-equality debate goes back to the Coleman Report on Equality of Education Opportunity in 1966. Over the years opinions on the issue of how money allocated to schools affected student achievement has gone back and forth. Social scientist of national reputation have analyzed statistical findings on this issue and determined that money allocated to schools per student do not effect student performance on standardized test. Other issues such as home background account for the differences in student achievement. But, even with this information, public school children must receive the same monies per child to give them a chance to achieve and the teachers a chance to teach. I would give school systems in lower socioeconomic areas more money per child to even out the levels that some systems are able to provide extra. In preparing for changes in local areas, I would conduct studies on how past economic factors have changed the revenue and expenditures of a given school. In 2004, Alabama was in proration. There is a chance Alabama will be in proration again during the 2008-2009 year. Files that show how each school district were effected in 2004 should be studied to get an idea of what might happen again. Local economic factors also have to be taken into consideration. Industries open and close and this effects the schools and how much tax money they receive. Proration often leads to school closings and loss of teacher units and jobs. City systems , which receive lots more tax money are usually in a lot better shape than county schools who receive less. Our students in public education and what is best for them is what must be considered in all situations, good or bad. Appropriate accommodations must be made to insure that all students receive an opportunity for an equal education . References Hall, J(2003). ADA vs. ADM: More information is needed. Retrieved from http://www. buckeyeinstitute. org/article/344 McDermott, John E. (1974). The cost equality debate in school finance litigation. Retrieved from http://www. jstor. org/pss/1191046 North Carolina Public Schools. (no date given). Data Reports- Student Accounting. Retrieved from http://www. ncpublicschools. org/fbs/accounting/data

Niagara Falls Case Study :: Environment, Hydroelectric-power, energy

Niagara Falls Case Study Niagara falls lays to the south of Toronto on the border with America. The average depth of the water below Niagara Falls is 170 ft and is as deep as its walls are high. The massive volume of water that flows over the falls causes the water to appear green in colour. The water that flows over Niagara Falls comes from Lake Erie which is one of the four great lakes of America. In excess of 5 billion gallons or over 2 trillion litres of water per Hour rushes over the edge of the Falls. This water going over the falls flows down the Niagara River into Lake Ontario and then into the Saint Lawrence River which is 300 miles away. Continuing further North-East , the water finally flows into the Atlantic Ocean over 1000 miles away The governments of America and Canada control the surrounding area most of which is now parkland and conservational areas so as to keep the area attractive to tourists. 44% of tourists to Canada visit Niagara Falls which is roughly 13.4 million people annually .The falls were formed 12,000 years ago as the retreating glaciers exposed the Niagara escarpment, thus permitting the waters of Lake Erie to flow north, to Lake Ontario. This was at the end of the last ice age The escarpment has been gradually eroded back toward Lake Erie, a process that has formed the Niagara Gorge 7 miles long . The Horseshoe Falls is eroding upstream at a faster rate than the American Falls because of the greater volume of water passing over it. Ice accumulates during the winter in the Maid of the Mist pool. The river may become bridged by this ice mass of up to 70 ft above water level. The force of the ice weighs down and erodes the banks and islands as well as bridges such as the honeymoon bridge which collapsed in 1938. .A great rock slide occurred in 1954 at the American Falls and formed a huge talus slope at its base.

Ingersoll Rand (a) Decision Sheet

Ingersoll-Rand (A) Problem Statement To decide the distribution channel to use for the Centac 200, the new 200 hp centrifugal air compressor. Whether the distribution be handled by the direct sales team or use the distributor/air centre channel. Also, the case highlights merits and demerits of each of the channels in detail. Decision Clabough should opt for the direct sales team channel. Rationale for Decision Experience – Historically, the centrifugal air compressors have been handled by the direct sales team only owing to their large hp size and technical expertise required. They have the required experience to sell centrifugals. * Competition – Also, the nearest potential competition to Centac 200 is from the Z series rotary compressor from Atlas-Copco’s which is being sold by distributors. So by opting to sell through the direct sales team, IR can avoid head-on competition and also completely differentiate a rotary from a centrifugal in the market. Expertise – Considering that it is the first medium centrifugal, the direct sales team is better positioned to supply the technical expertise. They have well established service capabilities. If IR chooses the distributor channel, it will have to incur additional costs(and time) on intense distributor training. * Attractiveness – May not be attractive to distributors owing to the very low spare part requirements in centrifugals. Apart from that, IR would not want the attention of distributors to be shifted from the smaller compressors, which form a big share of its total revenues. Recommendation In order to combat the risk of sales reps ignoring the Centac 200, IR may choose to offer higher sales commission to the direct sales team on Centac 200 sales. Also, the â€Å"Full Partner Program† can be extended to centrifugals too where the distributors earn commission on references made to the sale team, thereby also involving the distributors in the process.

Health Promotion Among the Homeless Essay

As the economy changes, so does the availability of services, goods and money for many every individual. For those individuals who are already struggling with some type of issue such as a decrease in hours worked, wage, disability, domestic violence etc. these changes affect them in a much more severe context. For those who become or are homeless, health care may not be the first thing to take care of on their daily tasks list. Other things like eating, finding safe shelter and not getting arrested are of the most importance. However as many contract health related diseases such as tuberculosis, diabetes, scabies, influenza, etc. health care becomes of concern and a necessity in order to maintain a way of life. Health promotion among the homeless community is not only important but needed. Health promotion can be effective with the appropriate intervention methods, professional staff and the continuous availability of services and goods offered to the community. The National Coalition for the Homeless (2009) noted that the Census Bureau calculated that 45. million Americans did not have health insurance in 2007 and out of this 45. 7 million uninsured individuals, 8. 1 million children in the United States were without health insurance. Homelessness and lack of health care are positively related and having no health insurance at all can itself alone cause homelessness. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless (2009), half of all personal bankruptcies in the United States in 2008 were due to hea lth related problems. The most important fact to remember when promotion health to this community is that they have little to no money, experience embarrassment, nervousness and/or may become offended and may not appear as if they need help but may or may not be mentally ill. These three things are not only considered barriers to the community when trying to receive health care but they are also barriers to the medical professionals who are not properly educated on how to show discretion and privacy for each homeless individual. Other relevant barriers include the lack of knowledge about where to get treated, lack of transportation and health care costs. To overcome these barriers, medical health professionals must be adequately educated on this community and any new developments within this community as well. Also affordable transportation and public assistance must be indiscriminately made available to this population. One of the biggest ways to break these barriers is to create and increase public health funding for this population. There is one federally funded program, Health Care for the Homeless, which provides health care for homeless persons. These services include but are not limited to substance abuse services, emergency care and public housing assistance. Also providing dental and mental health care in most areas, this federally funded program creates a standard by which other programs created should be based off of and also provides a foundation to for other programs needed to assist this growing population. Poor health in the homeless community has an effect on society. Homelessness impacts the community in the following ways: economically, politically, legally and physically. As the number of unhealthy homeless individuals increase, the cost of maintaining and operating health facilities and service programs that cater to this population increases. Taxpayers fund these programs and services with the help of private donations. When the homeless do not seek out these federally funded or privately funded services and programs, they seek another method of obtaining money and/or services by panhandling or stealing, this creates a legal problem. Also for those individuals who do not go to a shelter or place to eat, they must find food and typically they do this through garbage cans and recyclable places. This action creates health issues which causes this epidemic to continue. As there are those businesses that may deny the homeless individual to bathe or clean themselves properly, he/she may go days without proper hygiene care causing another more health problems such as scabies or other bodily infections. In conclusion, homeless individuals have the human and legal right to access public information and health services provided to every other human being. It is the writer’s opinion that a portion of the tax payer’s dollar should be spent to provide health insurance and health care to those that are homeless to a certain extent. The writer believes that each homeless individual should receive an annual checkup that includes mental, dental and physical services. For those taxpayers who make above a certain income range should be required to pay more of a percentage of services needed after the initial appointment. The writer believes that homeless individuals deserve the same amount of care as those who are not homeless deserve. Health issues in the homeless community are ones that can be solved with constant interventions and involvement at the community level.

Pool Boy Book Report

Pool Boy Book Report A Contemporary Summery onPool BoyBy Michael SimmonsReport By: Seth LoveGrade: 7thTeacher: Language Arts Teacher UnknownDate: Sunday August 3, 2003Time: 9:49For RRJ (Reading Response Journal)The book Pool Boy is about a seventeen year old who has to deal with life when his family loses all of is money. The reason he loses all of his money is because his father was an inside traitor and got caught by the police. To try to relive Brett's Dad of the charges, Bret's mom hires an expensive lawyer who does not win the case. Then, Bret's Dad is sent to jail for three years. After this Bret treated his Dad like garbage every Sunday when he went to see him.In a matter of weeks Brett's family is out of money despite selling all of their positions including their house. In a result of this Brett's family has to move in with Bret's aunt.Bret Hart and Shawn Michaels reconcile on the Janu...The aunt's name is Mary. Aunt Mary is always in a nightgown and slippers. Her house is dusty, dingy, and smal l.To help the finances Brett is forced to get a job. His first job is at a greasy fast food restaurant named Fast Burger. Around three months he quits. Bet quits because he thinks his boss and the customers are cruel , and food does not taste good.While walking home he noticed Alfie Moore. Alfie is a 70-year-old man with heart problems. When Brett was rich, Alfie cleaned his pool. Alfie and Bret had a conversation. During the conversation, Alfie asked Brett if he wanted a job. Bret said yes, and Alfie told Brett to meet him at his house at 7:00 am the next day to clean pools.Each day (except Sunday and Saturday) Brett and Alfie...

Will the status of Roma people impruve as the EU enlarge essays

Will the status of Roma people impruve as the EU enlarge essays Will the Status of the Roma people improve as the EU enlarges? When I die, you should bury me standing, Because I have been on my knees all my life. Who are the gypsies? Are they a tribe? Or maybe a sect? Where do they live? Where do all the myths about them originate? Why are there so many pejorative characteristics attributed to them? The aim of this paper is to foresee if the status of the Roma people will change and how it will change. In order to make such a prediction, I will approach the issues of the Roma from different angles such as historical background, treatment in the communist times, their situation in Europe today, and I will explain issues that are specific for them as a people. The condition of the Roma in Central and Eastern Europe is one of the most challenging issues that surfaced after the transition from communism. It has been said that no other ethnic group has been so excluded from the opportunities that came along with the transition than the Roma. Roma are a distinctive minority in Europe. Unlike other minority groups, they have no historical homeland, and they live in almost all countries of Asia and Europe. There are between 7 and 9 million Gypsies living in Europe, mostly living in Eastern and Central Europe, in the countries that are applying to the European Union. Clearly, significant results will not occur instantaneously. I believe it will take at least one generation for major changes to occur, that is, if significant efforts will be made. It is a major step forward that the EU requires the applicant countries to improve the situation of their Roma citizens, however it is not enough. Peoples mentalities are a very important factor, and as the Romanian secretary of state pointed out, it takes both sides, the Romani, and the non-Romani, to change attitudes. So far, one of the most fascinating things to me is the general attitude of ignoring gypsies. To say that the Gypsy pe...